-
1 прекрасно справляться с задачей
•The great optical telescopes do this brilliantly.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прекрасно справляться с задачей
-
2 Torricelli, Evangelista
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 15 October 1608 Faenza, Italyd. 25 October 1647 Florence, Italy[br]Italian physicist, inventor of the mercury barometer and discoverer of atmospheric pressure.[br]Torricelli was the eldest child of a textile artisan. Between 1625 and 1626 he attended the Jesuit school at Faenza, where he showed such outstanding aptitude in mathematics and philosophy that his uncle was persuaded to send him to Rome to a school run by Benedetto Castelli, a mathematician and engineer and a former pupil of Galileo Galilei. Between 1630 and 1641, Torricelli was possibly Secretary to Giovanni Ciampoli, Galileo's friend and protector. In 1641 Torricelli wrote a treatise, De motugravium, amplifying Galileo's doctrine on the motion of projectiles, and Galileo accepted him as a pupil. On Galileo's death in 1642, he was appointed as mathematician and philosopher to the court of Grand Duke Ferdinando II of Tuscany. He remained in Florence until his early death in 1647, possibly from typhoid fever. He wrote a great number of mathematical papers on conic sections, the cycloid, the logarithmic curve and other subjects, which made him well known.By 1642 Torricelli was producing good lenses for telescopes; he subsequently improved them, and attained near optical perfection. He also constructed a simple microscope with a small glass sphere as a lens. Galileo had looked at problems of raising water with suction pumps, and also with a siphon in 1630. Torricelli brought up the subject again in 1640 and later produced his most important invention, the barometer. He used mercury to fill a glass tube that was sealed at one end and inverted it. He found that the height of mercury in the tube adjusted itself to a well-defined level of about 76 cm (30 in.), higher than the free surface outside. He realized that this must be due to the pressure of the air on the outside surface and predicted that it would fall with increasing altitude. He thus demonstrated the pressure of the atmosphere and the existence of a vacuum on top of the mercury, publishing his findings in 1644. He later noticed that changes in the height of the mercury were related to changes in the weather.[br]Bibliography1641, De motu gravium.Further ReadingT.I.Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black.Chambers Concise Dictionary of Scientists, 1989, Cambridge.A Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 1976, Vol. XIII, New York: C.Scribner's Sons.A.Stowers, 1961–2, "Thomas Newcomen's first steam engine 250 years ago and the initial development of steam power", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 34 (provides an account of his mercury barometer).W.E.Knowles Middleton, 1964, The History of the Barometer, Baltimore.RLHBiographical history of technology > Torricelli, Evangelista
См. также в других словарях:
Optical telescope — Eight Inch refracting telescope (Chabot Space and Science Center) An optical telescope is a telescope which is used to gather and focus light mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum for directly viewing a magnified image for… … Wikipedia
Great Observatories program — Four Great Observatories satellites NASA s series of Great Observatories satellites are four large, powerful space based telescopes. Each of the Great Observatories has had a similar size and cost at program outset, and each has made a… … Wikipedia
Optical aberration — v · d · e Optical aberration … Wikipedia
Optical motion tracking — Motion Tracking can differ from Motion Capture because in applications such as sports and missiles the object of interest is tracked optically instead of a person. The technology is basically the same, with some differences in that many of the… … Wikipedia
History of the telescope — The earliest known working telescopes appeared in 1608 and are credited to Hans Lippershey and Zacharias Janssen, spectacle makers in Middelburg, and Jacob Metius of Alkmaar. The design of these early refracting telescopes consisted of a convex… … Wikipedia
Télescopes spatiaux — Télescope spatial Le télescope spatial Hubble en orbite autour de la Terre. Un télescope spatial est un télescope placé au delà de l atmosphère. Le télescope spatial présente l avantage par rapport à son homologue terrestre de ne pas être… … Wikipédia en Français
List of space telescopes — This is a list of astronomical space telescopes. The list is divided up into the major frequency ranges: gamma ray, x ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave and radio. Telescopes that work in multiple frequency bands are in all of the… … Wikipedia
Colonization of the Moon — Lunar outpost redirects here. For NASA s plan to construct an outpost between 2012 and 2024, see Lunar outpost (NASA). Moonbase redirects here. For other uses, see Moonbase (disambiguation). 1986 artist concept The colonization of the Moon is the … Wikipedia
List of largest optical refracting telescopes — Here is a list of the largest optical refracting telescopes sorted by lens diameter and focal length. The largest refractor ever constructed was the Great Paris Exhibition Telescope of 1900. The largest practical functioning refracting telescope… … Wikipedia
Astrophysics — is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature, and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as… … Wikipedia
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence — The search for extraterrestrial intelligence is sometimes abbreviated as SETI. For other uses, see SETI (disambiguation). Screen shot of the screensaver for SETI@home, a distributed computing project in which volunteers donate idle computer power … Wikipedia
